A quantitative analysis of student competencies in managing dual roles in higher education

Nailul Himmi, Retno Sulistiana Anzani Putri, Linayati Lestari, Edy Surya, Edi Syahputra

Abstract


The increasing phenomenon of student employment affects approximately 30% of Indonesian students, creating complex challenges in balancing academic and professional responsibilities. This quantitative descriptive study examined competency levels among working students managing dual roles in higher education. Using a structured 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, data were collected from 67 working students across UNRIKA, UT, and UNIMED, with supplementary interviews and observations for validation. Descriptive statistical analysis examined eight competency dimensions through frequency distributions and cross-tabulation methods. Results indicated predominance of young females (18-25 years) among working students. High competency levels were demonstrated across multiple areas: 87.5% completed assignments punctually, 76.5% managed stress effectively, and 87.5% exhibited strong communication abilities. Task management and adaptability showed positive outcomes, with 82.9% successfully adjusting academic schedules for work demands and 87.5% prioritizing tasks effectively. However, workload management presented challenges, as 65.7% reported feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities. The statistical findings highlight the need for institutional support mechanisms including flexible learning frameworks, accessible counseling services, and enhanced digital resources. This research contributes empirical evidence for developing targeted interventions to optimize working student competencies, providing measurable insights into dual role management patterns that can inform evidence-based educational policies and support program development in higher education institutions.

Keywords


Competence, Dual Roles, Higher Education, Time Management, Working Students

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abeyrathne, D. K., & Ekanayake, S. Y. (2021). Self-Directed Learning (SDL) in Higher Education: Practices and Issues. Asian Review of Social Sciences, 10(2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.51983/arss-2021.10.2.2985

Aloysius, S., & Salvia, N. (2021). Analisis Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi X Pada Awal Terjangkitnya Covid-19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Citizenship Virtues, 1(2), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.37640/jcv.v1i2.962

Aye, L. T., & Biswa, A. (2025). A Mixed-Methods Study of Psychological Well-Being and Adjustment in Relation to Gender Differences and Institutional Support among Non-Local Students in Kolkata. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7(July), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.49970

BPS-Statistics Indonesia. (2021). Catalog : 1101001. In Statistik Indonesia 2020 (Vol. 1101001). https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html

Britt, S. L., Canale, A., Fernatt, F., Stutz, K., & Tibbetts, R. (2015). Financial stress and financial counseling: Helping college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 26(2), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.26.2.172

Burgos, C., Jorquera, R., Aliaga, V., & López, E. (2023). Basic digital competences of university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 8(October), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1201680

Cachero–Paderog, J. (2023). Flexible Learning in Higher Education Institution: Experiences of Instructors in a Private Higher Institution. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 53(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v53i1.624

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitaive, Quantitave and Mixed Methods Approches. In SAGE Open (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315707181-60

Dalimunthe, H. A., Dewi, I. K., Yunita, Y., Faadhil, F., & Lubis, D. M. G. S. (2024). Building a Supportive Learning Environment: The Role of Psychology in Increasing Student Motivation and Engagement. OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research, 3(4), 934–939. https://doi.org/10.58811/opsearch.v3i4.107

Darmawati, R., Maisharah K, S., & Farooq Mujahid, M. U. (2023). Mental Health Issues in Higher Education: Increasing Awareness, Access to Therapy, and Campus Support. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(09), 783–790. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i09.212

El-Koumy, A. S. A. (2013). Student Self-Assessment in Higher Education: Alone or Plus? SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2010, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2364817

El Faddoul, N., El Falaki, B., Idrissi, M. K., & Bennani, S. (2011). Adaptive assessment in learning system. Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference E-Learning 2011, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2011, MCCSIS 2011, 2(March 2018), 306–310.

Fahimah, H. M., Hindrayani, A., & Nugroho, J. A. (2021). Consequences of Student Part-Time Employment (Case Study of Sebelas Maret University Student). Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 4(3), 53. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v4i3.49970

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2019). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Educatioan. In McGraw-Hill Higher Education (Issue 7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.056%0Ahttps://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-abstract/34/13/2201/4852827%0Ainternal-pdf://semisupervised-3254828305/semisupervised.ppt%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.02.005%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.10

Geiger, V., Goos, M., & Forgasz, H. (2015). A rich interpretation of numeracy for the 21st century: a survey of the state of the field. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 47(4), 531–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-015-0708-1

Hakim, A. R., & Hasmira, M. H. (2022). Strategi Kuliah Sambil Bekerja Oleh Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa Bekerja di Universitas Negeri Padang). Naradidik: Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.24036/nara.v1i1.6

Hollingsworth, M. A. (2018). Role of Self-Regulation and Self-Care With Academic Performance. Journal of Psychology Research, 8(6), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2018.06.002

Jackson, D., Riebe, L., Meek, S., Ogilvie, M., Kuilboer, A., Murphy, L., Collins, N., Lynch, K., & Brock, M. (2020). Using an industry-aligned capabilities framework to effectively assess student performance in non-accredited work-integrated learning contexts. Teaching in Higher Education, 28, 802–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1863348

Kahu, E. R., Ashley, N., & Picton, C. (2022). Exploring the Complexity of First-Year Student Belonging in Higher Education: Familiarity, Interpersonal, and Academic Belonging. Student Success, 13(2), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.2264

Kalpana, D., Ed Research Scholar, M., & Professor, A. (2022). Academic Resilience and Problem Solving Ability of Higher Secondary School Students in Chennai District. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10(10), 2320–2882. www.ijcrt.orgwww.ijcrt.orgc229

Kaur, G. (2025). ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID -19 : CHALLENGES FACED BY HIGHER ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID -19 : CHALLENGES FACED BY HIGHER. April.

Kim, B., Jee, S., Lee, J., An, S., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Relationships between social support and student burnout: A meta-analytic approach. Stress and Health, 34(1), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2771

Kindler, T., Schmid, T., & Graf, B. (2023). Studying in challenging times–a longitudinal study on social work students’ situations during the Covid-19 pandemic. European Journal of Social Work, 26(4), 734–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2022.2124507

Knight, J. (2013). The changing landscape of higher education internationalisation - for better or worse? Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 17(3), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2012.753957

Kurniati, R. A., Sudarno, S., & Setyowibowo, F. (2023). Pembelajaran Daring dan Manajemen Waktu Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v11n1.p1-9

Libago, Z. Z. A., Mangadang, P. A., Molok, H. D., Neri, M. G. A. B., & Noble, G. C. (2024). The Association Between Being Working Students to Academic Performance , and Time Management A RESEARCH. November. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13797.61921

Locke, E. A. (2008). The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behavior. In The Blackwell Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164047

Makinson, G. (2002). Improving your presentation skills. Nursing and Residential Care, 4(5), 237–239. https://doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2002.4.5.12228

Mardelina, E., & Muhson, A. (2017). Mahasiswa Bekerja Dan Dampaknya Pada Aktivitas Belajar Dan Prestasi Akademik. Jurnal Economia, 13(2), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v13i2.13239

McCue, J. D. (1991). A stress management workshop improves residents’ coping skills. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151(11), 2273–2277. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.11.2273

Nikolopoulou, K., & Miliopoulou, G. Z. (2024). Teaching Professional Communication: A Practical Approach. In Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_10

Nnadozie, R. C. (2015). a Model for Management of Workload of Academic. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(4), 462–466. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c4p4

Nurwidiyanto, A., & Zhang, K. (2020). STRATEGIES OF PATTERN GENERALIZATION FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ALGEBRAIC THINKING. Periódico Tchê Química. https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.187_periodico36_pgs_171_185.pdf

Nuvianto Al Azis, E., & Yusanti, G. (2021). Part-Time Working Opportunities and the Impact on Students’ Academic Achievement. Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 2(3), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v2i3.277

Patel, V. N., Gandhi, V., Thummar, K., Parmar, R., Vekariya, J., Kapadiya, J., Oza, V. H., & Jadeja, S. (2022). A case study of students’ skill development through the project carried out for sustainable development of rural area for transformation to urbanization. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 36(Special Issue 2), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2023/v36is2/23066

Payusan, A., Arrofo, M. J., Codilla, L. A., Gaco, S., Dakay, D. K., Cabanilla, A. J., & Cortes, V. (2022). Priorities and Intentions of Working-Students Working amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. The Normal Lights, 16(2), 93–119. https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v16i2.1725

Preston, P. (2017). Stress management. Administrative Radiology Journal : AR, 15(8).

Rafiq, S. (2024). Al-Mahdi Research Journal ( MRJ ) Saleem Iqbal. May.

Richardson, M., Evans, C., & Gbadamosi, G. (2014). The work-study nexus: The challenges of balancing full-time business degree study with a part-time job. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 19(3), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2014.920582

Scerri, M., Presbury, R., & Goh, E. (2020). An application of the mentoring framework to investigate the effectiveness of mentoring programs between industry mentors and student mentees in hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45(December), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.08.010

Statistics, E., Sciences, E., Nces, T., Nces, T., Sciences, E., Act, R., Nation, T., Card, R., Assessment, N., Progress, E., Condition, T., Report, E., & Grants, E. S. (2023). National center for education statistics.

Sumaiya, B., Srivastava, S., Jain, V., & Prakash, V. (2022). The Role of Effective Communication Skills in Professional Life. World Journal of English Language, 12(3), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n3p134

Sunardi. (2021). Pembelajaran Daring; Solusi Pembelajaran Selama Dan Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. In Elaborasi Ilmu Sosial Untuk Covid-19, Pengajaran, Pembelajaran serta eksistensi Lembaga Pendidikan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 (pp. 23–31).

Szwarcfiter, C., & Herer, Y. (2024). Managing the Balance Between Project Value and Net Present Value Using Reinforcement Learning. IEEE Access, 12, 7500–7518. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3346789

Tabassum, B., Moin, M., Abbas, Q., Kumbhar, M. I., & Khan, M. H. N. (2024). The Impact of Blended Learning on Student Performance. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 5(2), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.52223/jess.2024.5217

Tumin, T., Faizuddin, A., Mansir, F., Purnomo, H., & Aisyah, N. (2020). Working Students in Higher Education: Challenges and Solutions. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 4(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v4i1.108

Visser, C. W., & Venner, C. H. (2023). Scaling Up Project-Based Learning in Engineering Beyond 100 Bsc Students: a Practical Approach. Proceedings of the International CDIO Conference, 131–143.

Yadav, N. (2024). The Impact of Digital Learning on Education. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology, 2(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.61778/ijmrast.v2i1.34

Zimmerman. (2022). Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: Beliefs, Techniques, and Illusions. Routledge, 5841(April), 315. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33373/chypend.v11i1.7567

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2018 Universitas Riau Kepulauan

Lisensi Creative Commons
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.