Fungiculture : Sistem Pertanian Fungi oleh Serangga
Abstract
Fungi dan serangga merupakan kelompok organisme dengan jumlah spesies yang tergolong paling banyak di dunia. Hal ini membuat peluang interaksi antara kedua kingdom ini menjadi sangat tinggi. Diantara berbagai macam bentuk asosiasi tersebut, hubungan mutualistik berupa mekanisme ‘pertanian’ fungi oleh serangga merupakan salah satu hal yang menakjubkan hingga saat ini. Interaksi ini diketahui telah ada selama lebih dari puluhan juta tahun. Model simbiosis mutualisme ini berlangsung resiprokal dengan aspek kebermanfaatan diantara keduanya terkait nutrisi, perlindungan, dan penyebaran propagul. Berbagai kelompok serangga seperti rayap, semut, dan kumbang telah dikenal lama sebagai partner dari mikobion yang umumnya merupakan filum Ascomycota dan Basidiomycota. Rayap, semut, dan kumbang diketahui memiliki jalur evolusi kemampuan ‘bertani’ yang berbeda, namun semuanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan. Serangga-serangga tersebut memiliki mekanisme ‘pertanian’ yang unik, mulai dari persiapan, perawatan, hingga pemanenan fungi. Selain itu, keberlanjutan simbiosis yang terbentuk sangat begantung pada aspek manfaat yang diterima oleh masing-masing simbion.References
Aanen, D. K., Eggleton, P., Rouland-Lefevre, C., Guldberg-Froslev, T., Rosendahl, S., and Boomsma, J. J. 2002.The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(23):14887-14892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222313099.
Aanen, D.K., and Eggleton, P. 2005. Fungus-Growing Termites Originated in African Rain Forest. Current Biology, 15(9):851-855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.043.
Anwar, K., Sudirman, L.I.,and Nandika, D.2020. Comb Establishment of fungus-growing termites species Macrotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae) with Termitomyces cylindricus (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) basidiospores. Oriental Insects. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 00305316.2020.1762775.
Batra, L.R. 1966. Ambrosia Fungi: Extent of Specificity to Ambrosia Beetles. Science, 153(3732):193-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3732.193.
Beaver, R.A. 1989. Insect-Fungus Relationships in the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. Insect-fungus Interactions, 14: 121-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-751800-8.50011-2.
Biedermann, P.H.W., and Vega, F.E. 2020. Ecology and Evolution of Insect-Fungus Mutualisms. Annual Review of Entomology, 65(1):431-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024910.
Bodawatta, K., Poulsen, M.,and Bos, N. 2019. Foraging Macrotermes natalensis Fungus-Growing Termites Avoid a Mycopathogen but Not an Entomopathogen. Insects, 10(7): 185-193.http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070185.
Bignell, D.E. 2000. Introduction to symbiosis.(In): Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht.pp.189-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9_9.
Bourke, A. F. G. 2005. Genetics, relatedness and social behaviour in insect societies. Insect Evolutionary Ecology: Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society’s 22nd Symposium, Reading, UK, 2003, 1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851998121.0001.
Carrillo, D., Duncan, R. E., Ploetz, J. N., Campbell, A. F., Ploetz, R. C., and Peña, J. E. 2013. Lateral transfer of a phytopathogenic symbiont among native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Plant Pathology, 63(1): 54-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12073.
Cremer, S., Abe,T,, and Kutzer, M.A.M. 2019. Social Immunity. (In) : Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior. Academic Press, Austria. pp747-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0.
Chang, S.T., and Miles, P. 2004. Mushrooms : cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and enviromental impact 2nd edition.NewYork, CRS Press.pp477.
Currie, C.R., Wong, B., Stuart, A.E., Schultz, T.R., Rehner, S.A., Mueller, U.G., Sung, G.H., Spatafora, J.W., and Neil, A.S. 2003. Ancient tripartite coevolutionin the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. Science, 299:386-388.http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1078155.
Dao, T.,and Dantigny, P. 2011. Control of food spoilage fungi by ethanol. Food Control, 22 (3-4):360-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.019.
Eggleton, P. 2000. Global Patterns of Termite Diversity. In: Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (Eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht.pp.25-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9_2.
Farrell, B. D., Sequeira, A. S., O’Meara, B. C., Normark, B. B., Chung, J. H., andJordal, B. H. 2001. The evolution of agriculture in beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae). Evolution, 55(10): 2011-2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01318.x.
Foster, K. R., and Wenseleers, T. 2006. A general model for the evolution of mutualisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19(4): 1283-1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01073.x.
Froslev, T. G., Aanen, D. K., Laessøe, T., and Rosendahl, S. 2003.Phylogenetic relationships of Termitomyces and related taxa.Mycological Research, 107(11):1277-1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756203008670.
Gerardo, N.M., Mueller, U.G.,and Currie, C.R.2006. Complex host-pathogen coevolution in the Apterostigma fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis.BMC Evolutionary Biology, 6(1):88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-88.
Harrington, T. C., and Fraedrich, S. W. 2010.Quantification of Propagules of the Laurel Wilt Fungus and Other Mycangial Fungi from the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Phytopathology, 100(10):1118-1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-10-0032.
Higashi, M., Bignell, D.E. and Abe, T. 2000. Theories on the sociality of termites. (In): Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp466.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9.
Hulcr, J., and Cognato, A.I.2010. Repeated evolution of crop theft in fungus-farming ambrosia beetles. Evolution, 64(11):3205-3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01055.x
Katariya, L., Ramesh, P. B., Gopalappa, T., Desireddy, S., Bessière, J.M., and Borges, R. M. 2017. Fungus-Farming Termites Selectively Bury Weedy Fungi that Smell Different from Crop Fungi. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 43(10): 986-995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0902-4.
Katariya, L., Ramesh, P. B., Sharma, A., and Borges, R. M. 2018. Local hypoxia generated by live burial is effective in weed control within termite fungus farms. Insectes Sociaux, 65(4): 561-569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-018-0644-5.
Kirkendall, L.R., Biedermann, P.H.W.,and Jordal, B.H.2015. Evolution and Diversity of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. In Bark Beetles. Academic Press, US,pp 85-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-417156-5.00003-4.
Korb, J. 2003. Thermoregulation and ventilation of termite mounds.Naturwissenschaften, 90(5): 212-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0401-4.
Li, Y., Simmons, D. R., Bateman, C. C., Short, D. P. G., Kasson, M. T., Rabaglia, R. J., and Hulcr, J. 2016. Correction: New Fungus-Insect Symbiosis: Culturing, Molecular, and Histological Methods Determine Saprophytic Polyporales Mutualists of Ambrosiodmus Ambrosia Beetles. Plos One, 10(9), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147305.
Mburu, D. M., Ochola, L., Maniania, N. K., Njagi, P. G. N., Gitonga, L. M., Ndung’u, M. W., and Hassanali, A. 2009. Relationship between virulence and repellency of entomopathogenic isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to the termite Macrotermes michaelseni. Journal of Insect Physiology, 55(9): 774-780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.015.
Mehdiabadi, N.J., Hughes, B. and Mueller, U.G. 2006. Cooperation, conflict, and coevolution in the attine ant-fungus symbiosis. Behavioral Ecology, 17(2):291-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arj028.
Merritt, J.F.2010.The biology of small mammals.The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. pp313.
Mueller, U. G., Schultz, T. R., Currie, C. R., and Malloch, D. 2001. The Origin of the Attine Ant-Fungus Mutualism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 76(2): 169-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393867.
Mueller, U. G., and Gerardo, N. 2002. Fungus-farming insects: Multiple origins and diverse evolutionary histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(24): 15247-15249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.242594799.
Mueller, U.G, Gerardo, N.M, Aanen, D.K, Six D.L, and Schultz, T.R.2005. The evolution of agriculture in insects.AnnuRev EcolEvolSyst 36: 563-595.
Mueller, U.G., Ortiz, A. and Bacci, M. 2010. Planting of fungus onto hibernating workers of the fungus-growing ant Mycetosoritis clorindae (Attini, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 57(2):209-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-010-0072-7.
Munkacsi, A. B., Pan, J. J., Villesen, P., Mueller, U. G., Blackwell, M., and McLaughlin, D. J. 2004. Convergent coevolution in the domestication of coral mushrooms by fungus–growing ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(1550): 1777-1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2759.
Nobre, T., and Aanen, D.K. 2012.Fungiculture or Termite Husbandry?The Ruminant Hypothesis.Insects, 3(1): 307-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects3010307.
Otani, S., Challinor, V. L., Kreuzenbeck, N. B., Kildgaard, S., Krath Christensen, S., Larsen, L. L. M., and Poulsen, M. 2019. Disease-free monoculture farming by fungus-growing termites.Scientific Reports, 9(8819):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45364-z.
Poulsen, M., Bot, A. N. M., Currie, C. R., andBoomsma, J. J. 2002. Mutualistic bacteria and a possible trade-off between alternative defence mechanisms in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants. Insectes Sociaux, 49(1): 15-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-002-8271-5.
Poulsen, M., Hu, H., Li, C., Chen, Z., Xu, L., Otani, S.,and Zhang, G. 2014. Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40): 14500-14505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 1319718111.
Putra, I.P., Sitompul, R. dan Chalisya, N.2018. Ragam dan potensi jamur makro asal Taman Wisata Mekarsari Jawa Barat. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 11(2):133-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.6729.
Putra, I. P., Amelya, M. P., Nugraha, N. H., dan Zamia, H. Z. 2019. Catatan Beberapa Jamur Makro di Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor. Biota, 12(2): 57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jb.v12i2.192.
Putra, I.P. 2020.Record On Macroscopic Fungi At IPB University Campus Forest : Description And Potential Utilization. IJOSE, 4(1):1-11.
Rouland-Lefèvre, C. 2000. Symbiosis With Fungi. In: Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (Eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. pp289-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-914.
Sanchez-Pena, S.R. 2005. New view on origin of attine ant-fungus mutualism: Exploitation of a prexisting insect–fungus symbiosis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann EntomolSoc Am, 98:151-164.
Schultz, T. R., and Brady, S. G. 2008. Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(14): 5435-5440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711024105.
Skelton, J., Johnson, A. J., Jusino, M. A., Bateman, C. C., Li, Y., andHulcr, J. 2019. A selective fungal transport organ (mycangium) maintains coarse phylogenetic congruence between fungus-farming ambrosia beetles and their symbionts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286(1894): 2018-2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2127.
Um, S., Fraimout, A., Sapountzis, P., Oh, D.C., and Poulsen, M. 2013. The fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis harbors bacillaene-producing Bacillus sp. that inhibit potentially antagonistic fungi. Scientific Reports, 3, 3250: 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ srep03250.
Vega, F., and Blackwell, M. 2005. Insect-Fungal Associations: Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. pp352.
Visser, A. A., Kooij, P. W., Debets, A. J. M., Kuyper, T. W., andAanen, D. K. 2011. Pseudoxylaria as stowaway of the fungus-growing termite nest: Interaction asymmetry between Pseudoxylaria, Termitomyces and free-living relatives. Fungal Ecology, 4(5): 322-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.003.
Aanen, D.K., and Eggleton, P. 2005. Fungus-Growing Termites Originated in African Rain Forest. Current Biology, 15(9):851-855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.043.
Anwar, K., Sudirman, L.I.,and Nandika, D.2020. Comb Establishment of fungus-growing termites species Macrotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae) with Termitomyces cylindricus (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) basidiospores. Oriental Insects. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 00305316.2020.1762775.
Batra, L.R. 1966. Ambrosia Fungi: Extent of Specificity to Ambrosia Beetles. Science, 153(3732):193-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3732.193.
Beaver, R.A. 1989. Insect-Fungus Relationships in the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. Insect-fungus Interactions, 14: 121-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-751800-8.50011-2.
Biedermann, P.H.W., and Vega, F.E. 2020. Ecology and Evolution of Insect-Fungus Mutualisms. Annual Review of Entomology, 65(1):431-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024910.
Bodawatta, K., Poulsen, M.,and Bos, N. 2019. Foraging Macrotermes natalensis Fungus-Growing Termites Avoid a Mycopathogen but Not an Entomopathogen. Insects, 10(7): 185-193.http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070185.
Bignell, D.E. 2000. Introduction to symbiosis.(In): Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht.pp.189-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9_9.
Bourke, A. F. G. 2005. Genetics, relatedness and social behaviour in insect societies. Insect Evolutionary Ecology: Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society’s 22nd Symposium, Reading, UK, 2003, 1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851998121.0001.
Carrillo, D., Duncan, R. E., Ploetz, J. N., Campbell, A. F., Ploetz, R. C., and Peña, J. E. 2013. Lateral transfer of a phytopathogenic symbiont among native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Plant Pathology, 63(1): 54-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12073.
Cremer, S., Abe,T,, and Kutzer, M.A.M. 2019. Social Immunity. (In) : Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior. Academic Press, Austria. pp747-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0.
Chang, S.T., and Miles, P. 2004. Mushrooms : cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and enviromental impact 2nd edition.NewYork, CRS Press.pp477.
Currie, C.R., Wong, B., Stuart, A.E., Schultz, T.R., Rehner, S.A., Mueller, U.G., Sung, G.H., Spatafora, J.W., and Neil, A.S. 2003. Ancient tripartite coevolutionin the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. Science, 299:386-388.http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1078155.
Dao, T.,and Dantigny, P. 2011. Control of food spoilage fungi by ethanol. Food Control, 22 (3-4):360-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.019.
Eggleton, P. 2000. Global Patterns of Termite Diversity. In: Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (Eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht.pp.25-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9_2.
Farrell, B. D., Sequeira, A. S., O’Meara, B. C., Normark, B. B., Chung, J. H., andJordal, B. H. 2001. The evolution of agriculture in beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae). Evolution, 55(10): 2011-2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01318.x.
Foster, K. R., and Wenseleers, T. 2006. A general model for the evolution of mutualisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19(4): 1283-1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01073.x.
Froslev, T. G., Aanen, D. K., Laessøe, T., and Rosendahl, S. 2003.Phylogenetic relationships of Termitomyces and related taxa.Mycological Research, 107(11):1277-1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756203008670.
Gerardo, N.M., Mueller, U.G.,and Currie, C.R.2006. Complex host-pathogen coevolution in the Apterostigma fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis.BMC Evolutionary Biology, 6(1):88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-88.
Harrington, T. C., and Fraedrich, S. W. 2010.Quantification of Propagules of the Laurel Wilt Fungus and Other Mycangial Fungi from the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Phytopathology, 100(10):1118-1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-10-0032.
Higashi, M., Bignell, D.E. and Abe, T. 2000. Theories on the sociality of termites. (In): Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp466.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9.
Hulcr, J., and Cognato, A.I.2010. Repeated evolution of crop theft in fungus-farming ambrosia beetles. Evolution, 64(11):3205-3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01055.x
Katariya, L., Ramesh, P. B., Gopalappa, T., Desireddy, S., Bessière, J.M., and Borges, R. M. 2017. Fungus-Farming Termites Selectively Bury Weedy Fungi that Smell Different from Crop Fungi. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 43(10): 986-995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0902-4.
Katariya, L., Ramesh, P. B., Sharma, A., and Borges, R. M. 2018. Local hypoxia generated by live burial is effective in weed control within termite fungus farms. Insectes Sociaux, 65(4): 561-569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-018-0644-5.
Kirkendall, L.R., Biedermann, P.H.W.,and Jordal, B.H.2015. Evolution and Diversity of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. In Bark Beetles. Academic Press, US,pp 85-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-417156-5.00003-4.
Korb, J. 2003. Thermoregulation and ventilation of termite mounds.Naturwissenschaften, 90(5): 212-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0401-4.
Li, Y., Simmons, D. R., Bateman, C. C., Short, D. P. G., Kasson, M. T., Rabaglia, R. J., and Hulcr, J. 2016. Correction: New Fungus-Insect Symbiosis: Culturing, Molecular, and Histological Methods Determine Saprophytic Polyporales Mutualists of Ambrosiodmus Ambrosia Beetles. Plos One, 10(9), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147305.
Mburu, D. M., Ochola, L., Maniania, N. K., Njagi, P. G. N., Gitonga, L. M., Ndung’u, M. W., and Hassanali, A. 2009. Relationship between virulence and repellency of entomopathogenic isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to the termite Macrotermes michaelseni. Journal of Insect Physiology, 55(9): 774-780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.015.
Mehdiabadi, N.J., Hughes, B. and Mueller, U.G. 2006. Cooperation, conflict, and coevolution in the attine ant-fungus symbiosis. Behavioral Ecology, 17(2):291-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arj028.
Merritt, J.F.2010.The biology of small mammals.The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. pp313.
Mueller, U. G., Schultz, T. R., Currie, C. R., and Malloch, D. 2001. The Origin of the Attine Ant-Fungus Mutualism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 76(2): 169-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393867.
Mueller, U. G., and Gerardo, N. 2002. Fungus-farming insects: Multiple origins and diverse evolutionary histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(24): 15247-15249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.242594799.
Mueller, U.G, Gerardo, N.M, Aanen, D.K, Six D.L, and Schultz, T.R.2005. The evolution of agriculture in insects.AnnuRev EcolEvolSyst 36: 563-595.
Mueller, U.G., Ortiz, A. and Bacci, M. 2010. Planting of fungus onto hibernating workers of the fungus-growing ant Mycetosoritis clorindae (Attini, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 57(2):209-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-010-0072-7.
Munkacsi, A. B., Pan, J. J., Villesen, P., Mueller, U. G., Blackwell, M., and McLaughlin, D. J. 2004. Convergent coevolution in the domestication of coral mushrooms by fungus–growing ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(1550): 1777-1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2759.
Nobre, T., and Aanen, D.K. 2012.Fungiculture or Termite Husbandry?The Ruminant Hypothesis.Insects, 3(1): 307-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects3010307.
Otani, S., Challinor, V. L., Kreuzenbeck, N. B., Kildgaard, S., Krath Christensen, S., Larsen, L. L. M., and Poulsen, M. 2019. Disease-free monoculture farming by fungus-growing termites.Scientific Reports, 9(8819):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45364-z.
Poulsen, M., Bot, A. N. M., Currie, C. R., andBoomsma, J. J. 2002. Mutualistic bacteria and a possible trade-off between alternative defence mechanisms in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants. Insectes Sociaux, 49(1): 15-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-002-8271-5.
Poulsen, M., Hu, H., Li, C., Chen, Z., Xu, L., Otani, S.,and Zhang, G. 2014. Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40): 14500-14505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 1319718111.
Putra, I.P., Sitompul, R. dan Chalisya, N.2018. Ragam dan potensi jamur makro asal Taman Wisata Mekarsari Jawa Barat. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 11(2):133-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.6729.
Putra, I. P., Amelya, M. P., Nugraha, N. H., dan Zamia, H. Z. 2019. Catatan Beberapa Jamur Makro di Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor. Biota, 12(2): 57-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jb.v12i2.192.
Putra, I.P. 2020.Record On Macroscopic Fungi At IPB University Campus Forest : Description And Potential Utilization. IJOSE, 4(1):1-11.
Rouland-Lefèvre, C. 2000. Symbiosis With Fungi. In: Abe T., Bignell D.E., Higashi M. (Eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. pp289-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-914.
Sanchez-Pena, S.R. 2005. New view on origin of attine ant-fungus mutualism: Exploitation of a prexisting insect–fungus symbiosis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann EntomolSoc Am, 98:151-164.
Schultz, T. R., and Brady, S. G. 2008. Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(14): 5435-5440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711024105.
Skelton, J., Johnson, A. J., Jusino, M. A., Bateman, C. C., Li, Y., andHulcr, J. 2019. A selective fungal transport organ (mycangium) maintains coarse phylogenetic congruence between fungus-farming ambrosia beetles and their symbionts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286(1894): 2018-2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2127.
Um, S., Fraimout, A., Sapountzis, P., Oh, D.C., and Poulsen, M. 2013. The fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis harbors bacillaene-producing Bacillus sp. that inhibit potentially antagonistic fungi. Scientific Reports, 3, 3250: 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ srep03250.
Vega, F., and Blackwell, M. 2005. Insect-Fungal Associations: Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. pp352.
Visser, A. A., Kooij, P. W., Debets, A. J. M., Kuyper, T. W., andAanen, D. K. 2011. Pseudoxylaria as stowaway of the fungus-growing termite nest: Interaction asymmetry between Pseudoxylaria, Termitomyces and free-living relatives. Fungal Ecology, 4(5): 322-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.003.
Published
2020-07-19
How to Cite
PUTRA, Ivan Permana.
Fungiculture : Sistem Pertanian Fungi oleh Serangga.
SIMBIOSA, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 77-89, july 2020.
ISSN 2598-6007.
Available at: <https://www.journal.unrika.ac.id/index.php/simbiosajournal/article/view/2468>. Date accessed: 15 feb. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.33373/sim-bio.v9i1.2468.
Section
Review Articles
Keywords
Fungi, Serangga, Simbiosis, Mutualisme, Bertani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Dengan mengirimkan manuskrip artikel, penulis setuju dengan kebijakan ini. Tidak diperlukan penandatanganan dokumen khusus.
1. Lisensi
Penggunaan artikel yang non-komersial akan diatur oleh lisensi Atribusi Creative Commons seperti yang saat ini ditampilkan pada Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2. Jaminan Penulis
Penulis menjamin bahwa artikel tersebut asli, ditulis oleh penulis lain, belum diterbitkan sebelumnya, tidak mengandung pernyataan yang melanggar hukum, tidak melanggar hak orang lain, tunduk pada hak cipta yang dipegang secara eksklusif oleh penulis dan bebas dari setiap hak pihak ketiga, dan bahwa setiap izin tertulis yang diperlukan untuk mengutip dari sumber lain telah diperoleh oleh penulis.
3. Hak Pengguna
Jurnal Simbiosa adalah untuk menyebarluaskan artikel yang diterbitkan sebebas mungkin. Di bawah lisensi Creative Commons, Simbiosa mengizinkan pengguna untuk menyalin, mendistribusikan, menampilkan, dan melakukan pekerjaan hanya untuk tujuan non-komersial. Pengguna juga perlu mengaitkan penulis dan Jurnal Simbiosa dalam mendistribusikan karya di jurnal dan media publikasi lainnya.
4. Hak Penulis
Memegang semua hak mereka untuk karya yang diterbitkan, seperti (tetapi tidak terbatas pada) hak-hak berikut;
- Hak cipta dan hak kepemilikan lainnya yang berkaitan dengan artikel, seperti hak paten,
- Hak untuk menggunakan substansi artikel dalam karya masa depan sendiri, termasuk kuliah dan buku,
- Hak untuk mereproduksi artikel untuk keperluan sendiri,
- Hak untuk mengarsipkan diri sendiri artikel tersebut,
- Hak untuk mengadakan perjanjian kontrak tambahan yang terpisah untuk distribusi non-eksklusif dari versi artikel yang diterbitkan (misalnya, mempostingnya ke repositori institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan atas publikasi awal dalam jurnal Simbiosa ini.
5. Co-Authorship
Jika artikel tersebut disusun bersama oleh lebih dari satu penulis, setiap penulis yang menyerahkan naskah waran bahwa ia telah diberi wewenang oleh semua penulis bersama untuk menyetujui hak cipta dan pemberitahuan lisensi (perjanjian) ini atas nama mereka, dan setuju untuk memberi tahu rekan penulis dari ketentuan kebijakan ini. Jurnal Simbiosa tidak akan bertanggung jawab atas apa pun yang mungkin timbul karena perselisihan internal penulis. Jurnal Simbiosa hanya akan berkomunikasi dengan penulis yang sesuai.
6. Royalti
Menjadi jurnal yang dapat diakses secara terbuka dan menyebarkan artikel secara gratis di bawah masa lisensi Creative Commons yang disebutkan, penulis menyadari bahwa Jurnal Simbiosa tidak memberikan hak royalti kepada penulis atau biaya lainnya.
7. Lain-lain
Jurnal Simbiosa akan menerbitkan artikel (atau menerbitkannya) di jurnal jika proses editorial artikel berhasil diselesaikan. Editor Simbiosa dapat memodifikasi artikel dengan gaya tanda baca, ejaan, huruf besar, referensi, dan penggunaan yang dianggap tepat. Penulis mengakui bahwa artikel tersebut dapat dipublikasikan sehingga akan dapat diakses oleh publik dan akses tersebut akan gratis bagi pembaca seperti yang disebutkan dalam poin 3.
